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ÏÂÁîÃûÌÃ: ls [OPTION]… [FILE]… ´¿´âµÄÊäÈë:
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# lsbin dev home lib64 media opt proc run srv tmp varboot etc lib lost+found mnt patch root sbin sys usr www
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¼Ó option -l ËüչʾÁËȨÏÞ£¬ÊôÖ÷£¬Êô×飬¾Þϸ£¬Ê±¼ä£¬ÎļþÃû³Æ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -l×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 68lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 8Ô 26 22:36 bin -> usr/bindr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:39 bootdrwxr-xr-x 19 root root 2960 4Ô 11 12:59 devdrwxr-xr-x. 81 root root 4096 9Ô 5 17:09 etcdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 homelrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 8Ô 26 22:36 lib -> usr/liblrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 8Ô 26 22:36 lib64 -> usr/lib64drwx------. 2 root root 16384 10Ô 15 2017 lost+founddrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 mediadrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 mntdrwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:40 optdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8Ô 26 23:00 patchdr-xr-xr-x 110 root root 0 4Ô 11 12:59 procdr-xr-x---. 12 root root 4096 9Ô 11 20:59 rootdrwxr-xr-x 26 root root 760 9Ô 7 21:50 runlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 8Ô 26 22:36 sbin -> usr/sbindrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 srvdr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 4Ô 11 12:59 sysdrwxrwxrwt. 9 root root 4096 9Ô 15 03:19 tmpdrwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:36 usrdrwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:55 vardrwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:39 www
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ls -a (all) linux ‘.’£¨µã£©¿ªÍ·µÄÎļþĬÈÏÊÇÒþ²ØµÄ£¬-a¿ÉÒÔÅÌÎÊËùÓеÄÎļþ¡£
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -a. bin etc lib64 mnt .pearrc run sys usr.. boot home lost+found opt proc sbin .test var.autorelabel dev lib media patch root srv tmp www
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ls -F ÒÔ”/”×îºóµÄ·½·¨Õ¹Ê¾Îļþ¼Ð¡£
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -Fbin@ dev/ home/ lib64@ media/ opt/ proc/ run/ srv/ tmp/ var/boot/ etc/ lib@ lost+found/ mnt/ patch/ root/ sbin@ sys/ usr/ www/
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ls -r µ¹Ððչʾ£¬Ä¬ÈϵÄ˳ÐòÊÇ(a,b,c,d)ÕýÐòÕâÑùչʾ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -rwww usr sys sbin root patch mnt lost+found lib etc bootvar tmp srv run proc opt media lib64 home dev bin
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ls -R ()µÝ¹éչʾ×ÓĿ¼
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz test]# ls -R.:data./data:img./data/img:car product user./data/img/car:./data/img/product:./data/img/user:
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ls -lS ƾ֤Îļþ¾Þϸ½µÐòÏÔʾ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -lS×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 72drwx------. 2 root root 16384 10Ô 15 2017 lost+founddr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:39 bootdrwxr-xr-x. 81 root root 4096 9Ô 5 17:09 etcdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 homedrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 mediadrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 mntdrwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:40 optdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8Ô 26 23:00 patchdr-xr-x---. 12 root root 4096 9Ô 15 22:03 rootdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 srvdrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 9Ô 15 22:10 testdrwxrwxrwt. 9 root root 4096 9Ô 15 03:19 tmpdrwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:36 usrdrwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:55 vardrwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:39 wwwdrwxr-xr-x 19 root root 2960 4Ô 11 12:59 devdrwxr-xr-x 26 root root 760 9Ô 7 21:50 runlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 8Ô 26 22:36 lib64 -> usr/lib64lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 8Ô 26 22:36 sbin -> usr/sbinlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 8Ô 26 22:36 bin -> usr/binlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 8Ô 26 22:36 lib -> usr/libdr-xr-xr-x 110 root root 0 4Ô 11 12:59 procdr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 4Ô 11 12:59 sys
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ls -g ²»Êä³öËùÓÐÕß(ÊôÖ÷)ÐÅÏ¢
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -g×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 72lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 7 8Ô 26 22:36 bin -> usr/bindr-xr-xr-x. 5 root 4096 8Ô 26 22:39 boot-rw-r--r-- 1 root 0 9Ô 15 22:20 cdrwxr-xr-x 19 root 2960 4Ô 11 12:59 devdrwxr-xr-x. 81 root 4096 9Ô 5 17:09 etcdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 homelrwxrwxrwx 1 root 7 8Ô 26 22:36 lib -> usr/liblrwxrwxrwx 1 root 9 8Ô 26 22:36 lib64 -> usr/lib64drwx------. 2 root 16384 10Ô 15 2017 lost+founddrwxr-xr-x. 2 root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 mediadrwxr-xr-x. 2 root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 mntdrwxr-xr-x. 3 root 4096 8Ô 26 22:40 optdrwxr-xr-x 2 root 4096 8Ô 26 23:00 patchdr-xr-xr-x 110 root 0 4Ô 11 12:59 procdr-xr-x---. 12 root 4096 9Ô 15 22:18 rootdrwxr-xr-x 26 root 760 9Ô 7 21:50 runlrwxrwxrwx 1 root 8 8Ô 26 22:36 sbin -> usr/sbindrwxr-xr-x. 2 root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 srvdr-xr-xr-x 13 root 0 4Ô 11 12:59 sysdrwxr-xr-x 3 root 4096 9Ô 15 22:18 testdrwxrwxrwt. 9 root 4096 9Ô 15 03:19 tmpdrwxr-xr-x. 13 root 4096 8Ô 26 22:36 usrdrwxr-xr-x. 19 root 4096 8Ô 26 22:55 vardrwxr-xr-x 6 root 4096 8Ô 26 22:39 www
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ls -lG Òþ²ØËùÓÐ×飨Êô×飩ÐÅÏ¢
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -lG×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 72lrwxrwxrwx 1 root 7 8Ô 26 22:36 bin -> usr/bindr-xr-xr-x. 5 root 4096 8Ô 26 22:39 boot-rw-r--r-- 1 root 0 9Ô 15 22:20 cdrwxr-xr-x 19 root 2960 4Ô 11 12:59 devdrwxr-xr-x. 81 root 4096 9Ô 5 17:09 etcdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 homelrwxrwxrwx 1 root 7 8Ô 26 22:36 lib -> usr/liblrwxrwxrwx 1 root 9 8Ô 26 22:36 lib64 -> usr/lib64drwx------. 2 root 16384 10Ô 15 2017 lost+founddrwxr-xr-x. 2 root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 mediadrwxr-xr-x. 2 root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 mntdrwxr-xr-x. 3 root 4096 8Ô 26 22:40 optdrwxr-xr-x 2 root 4096 8Ô 26 23:00 patchdr-xr-xr-x 110 root 0 4Ô 11 12:59 procdr-xr-x---. 12 root 4096 9Ô 15 22:18 rootdrwxr-xr-x 26 root 760 9Ô 7 21:50 runlrwxrwxrwx 1 root 8 8Ô 26 22:36 sbin -> usr/sbindrwxr-xr-x. 2 root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 srvdr-xr-xr-x 13 root 0 4Ô 11 12:59 sysdrwxr-xr-x 3 root 4096 9Ô 15 22:18 testdrwxrwxrwt. 9 root 4096 9Ô 15 03:19 tmpdrwxr-xr-x. 13 root 4096 8Ô 26 22:36 usrdrwxr-xr-x. 19 root 4096 8Ô 26 22:55 vardrwxr-xr-x 6 root 4096 8Ô 26 22:39 www10.ls -li ÏÔʾÎļþµÄË÷ÒýºÅ[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -li
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ls -li ÏÔʾÎļþµÄË÷ÒýºÅ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz /]# ls -li×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 72 7628 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 8Ô 26 22:36 bin -> usr/bin1179650 dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:39 boot 4923 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 9Ô 15 22:20 c 1026 drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 2960 4Ô 11 12:59 dev917505 drwxr-xr-x. 81 root root 4096 9Ô 5 17:09 etc655362 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 home 17 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 8Ô 26 22:36 lib -> usr/lib 13 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 8Ô 26 22:36 lib64 -> usr/lib64 11 drwx------. 2 root root 16384 10Ô 15 2017 lost+found786434 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 media131074 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 mnt393219 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:40 opt1966081 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8Ô 26 23:00 patch 1 dr-xr-xr-x 110 root root 0 4Ô 11 12:59 proc131073 dr-xr-x---. 12 root root 4096 9Ô 15 22:18 root 218 drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 760 9Ô 7 21:50 run 15 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 8Ô 26 22:36 sbin -> usr/sbin393220 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4Ô 11 12:59 srv 1 dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 4Ô 11 12:59 sys2097153 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 9Ô 15 22:18 test393217 drwxrwxrwt. 9 root root 4096 9Ô 15 03:19 tmp1048578 drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:36 usr262145 drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:55 var1441793 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 8Ô 26 22:39 www
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ls -lt ƾ֤ÐÞ¸Äʱ¼äÅÅÐò£¨µ¹Ðò£©ÒÀ´Î½¨ÉèÎļþ a b
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz test]# ls -lt×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 0-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 9Ô 15 22:18 b-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 9Ô 15 22:18 a
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ls -version
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz test]# ls --versionls (GNU coreutils) 8.22Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.ÔÊÐíÖ¤£ºGPLv3+£ºGNU ͨÓù«¹²ÔÊÐíÖ¤µÚ3 °æ»ò¸üа汾<http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>¡£±¾Èí¼þÊÇ×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ£ºÄú¿ÉÒÔ×ÔÓÉÐ޸ĺÍÖØÐÂÐû²¼Ëü¡£ÔÚÖ´ÂÉÀýÄ£ÄÚûÓÐÆäËû°ü¹Ü¡£ÓÉRichard M. Stallman ºÍDavid MacKenzie ±àд¡£
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cat
cat,ÓÖÊÇÒ»¸öÏà¶Ô¸ßƵÂʵÄÏÂÁî¡£½ÏÁ¿¹Ù·½µÄ˵·¨ÊÇÏÂÁîÓÃÓÚÁ´½ÓÎļþ²¢´òÓ¡µ½±ê×¼Êä³ö×°±¸ÉÏ¡£Õâ¸öÎı¾Êä³öÏÂÁî¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Éó²éÎļþÄÚÈÝ£¬½¨ÉèÄÚÈݵȣ¬ÏÂÃæÎÒÃÇÏÈÈݼ¸¸ö½ÏÁ¿ÊÊÓõÄÓ÷¨¡£ÏÂÁîÃûÌà : cat [Ñ¡Ïî]… [Îļþ]…
cat -n Éó²é²¢ÏÔʾÐкÅ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat -n a 1 this is a txt 2 hello every body 3 hello world 4 hahaha
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cat ½¨ÉèÒ»¸ö¿ÕÎļþ b
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat >b <<EOF> EOF[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# lsa b
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cat Çå¿ÕÎļþÄÚÈÝ
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat >a<<EOF> EOF[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat a
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cat дÈëÄÚÈÝ(ÈôÊÇÔÀ´ÓÐÄÚÈݽ«±»ÁýÕÖ)
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat >a<<EOF> today is a good day> because off work> hahaha> EOF[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat atoday is a good daybecause off workhahaha
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cat ͬʱÏÔʾ¶à¸öÎļþÄÚÈÝ( bÖÐд³öhappy)
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat a > b[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat btoday is a good daybecause off workhahaha
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[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat a >> b[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat btoday is a good daybecause off workhahahatoday is a good daybecause off workhahaha
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cat –help (ÈçÏëѧϰ¸ü¶à£¬¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¼ºÏÂÊÖʵÑé)
[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz linuxdemo]# cat --helpÓ÷¨£ºcat [Ñ¡Ïî]... [Îļþ]...½«[Îļþ]»ò±ê×¼ÊäÈë×éºÏÊä³öµ½±ê×¼Êä³ö¡£ -A, --show-all ¼´ÊÇ-vET -b, --number-nonblank ¶Ô·Ç¿ÕÊä³öÐбàºÅ -e ¼´ÊÇ-vE -E, --show-ends ÔÚÿÐп¢Ê´¦ÏÔʾ"$" -n, --number ¶ÔÊä³öµÄËùÓÐÐбàºÅ -s, --squeeze-blank ²»Êä³ö¶àÐпÕÐÐ -t Óë-vT µÈ¼Û -T, --show-tabs ½«Ìø¸ñ×Ö·ûÏÔʾΪ^I -u (±»ºöÂÔ) -v, --show-nonprinting ʹÓÃ^ ºÍM- ÒýÓ㬳ýÁËLFDºÍ TAB Ö®Íâ --help ÏÔʾ´Ë×ÊÖúÐÅÏ¢²¢Í˳ö --version ÏÔʾ°æ±¾ÐÅÏ¢²¢Í˳öÈôÊÇûÓÐÖ¸¶¨Îļþ£¬»òÕßÎļþΪ"-"£¬Ôò´Ó±ê×¼ÊäÈë¶ÁÈ¡¡£Ê¾Àý£º cat f - g ÏÈÊä³öf µÄÄÚÈÝ£¬È»ºóÊä³ö±ê×¼ÊäÈëµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬×îºóÊä³ög µÄÄÚÈÝ¡£ cat ½«±ê×¼ÊäÈëµÄÄÚÈݸ´ÖƵ½±ê×¼Êä³ö¡£GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>ÇëÏò<http://translationproject.org/team/zh_CN.html> ±¨¸æcat µÄ·Òë¹ýʧҪ»ñÈ¡ÍêÕûÎĵµ£¬ÇëÔËÐУºinfo coreutils 'cat invocation'
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UID:Óû§Éí·Ý±êʾ,Ψһ±êʾ¡£
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5./etc/default/useradd: ÉèÖÃÌí¼ÓÓû§¹æÔòÎļþ¡£
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cat /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/zshbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
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¾ÙÀý: root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/zsh
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2.Óû§ÃÜÂëռλ·û:x
3.Óû§UID:0
4.Óû§×éGID:0
5.¶ÔÓû§ÕË»§µÄÐÎò:root
6.Óû§¼ÒĿ¼λÖÃ:/root
7.Óû§Ä¬ÈϵÄshell:/bin/zsh (ĬÈÏÊÇ/bin/bash)
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cat /etc/shadowroot:$6$LxE7qiaZ$ZZXf/aCO1Zqs1oOS9WDutUk9rFOq4MOoSG9IeXq2f5sduGrgfYvzOWHZmJZFGC.0Of1DjCna0M.oQZTY8r00/.:17769:0:99999:7:::bin:*:17110:0:99999:7:::daemon:*:17110:0:99999:7:::
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¾ÙÀý: bin:*:17110:0:99999:7::: 1.µÇÈÎÃü»§Ãû: bin
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5.¸ü¸ÄÃÜÂë×î´óÓÐÓÃÌìÊý: ´ú±íÃÜÂë¼á³ÖÓÐÓõÄ×î´óÌìÊý¡£
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~ ps auxUSER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMANDroot 1 0.0 0.0 43364 3596 ? Ss 11ÔÂ03 0:01 /usr/lib/systroot 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [kthreadd]root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [kworker/0:0Hroot 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [migration/0]root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [rcu_bh]root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:05 [rcu_sched]root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [watchdog/0]root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [watchdog/1]root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [migration/1]root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [ksoftirqd/1]root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [kworker/1:0H
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~ ps -efUID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMDroot 1 0 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --systeroot 2 0 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]root 3 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]root 5 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]root 7 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]root 8 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_bh]root 9 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:05 [rcu_sched]root 10 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [watchdog/0]root 11 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [watchdog/1]root 12 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [migration/1]root 13 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/1]root 15 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/1:0H]root 17 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [kdevtmpfs]root 18 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [netns]root 19 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [khungtaskd]root 20 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [writeback]root 21 2 0 11ÔÂ03 ? 00:00:00 [kintegrityd]
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USER: Àú³ÌµÄÊôÖ÷
PID: Àú³ÌµÄID
%CPU: Àú³ÌÕ¼cpu°Ù·Ö±È
%MEM: Àú³ÌÕ¼ÄÚ´æµÄ°Ù·Ö±È
VSZ: Àú³ÌÕ¼ÓÃÐéÄâÄÚ´æ¾Þϸ
RSS: Àο¿ÄÚ´æʹÓÃÊýÄ¿
STAT Àú³Ì״̬
R ÕýÔÚÔËÐпÉÖÐÔÚÐÐÁÐÖпɹýÐеģ» S ´¦ÓÚÐÝÃß״̬£» T ×èÖ¹»ò±»×·×Ù£» Z ½©Ê¬Àú³Ì£» N ÓÅÏȼ¶½ÏµÍµÄÀú³Ì L ÓÐЩҳ±»Ëø½øÄڴ棻 s Àú³ÌµÄÏòµ¼Õߣ¨ÔÚËüÖ®ÏÂÓÐ×ÓÀú³Ì£©
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~ ps aux --sort %cpuUSER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMANDroot 1 0.0 0.0 43364 3596 ? Ss 11ÔÂ03 0:01 /usr/lib/systroot 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [kthreadd]root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [kworker/0:0Hroot 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [migration/0]root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [rcu_bh]root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:05 [rcu_sched]root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [watchdog/0]root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [watchdog/1]
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~ ps aux --sort -%cpuUSER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMANDroot 21342 0.3 0.4 137184 17112 ? Ssl 03:24 1:16 /usr/local/aegiroot 1 0.0 0.0 43364 3596 ? Ss 11ÔÂ03 0:01 /usr/lib/systroot 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [kthreadd]root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [kworker/0:0Hroot 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [migration/0]root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [rcu_bh]root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:05 [rcu_sched]root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [watchdog/0]root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [watchdog/1]root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [migration/1]root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 11ÔÂ03 0:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
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top
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Óï·¨: top ²ÎÊý
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~ toptop - 11:38:42 up 13:15, 2 users, load average: 0.01, 0.03, 0.05Tasks: 98 total, 1 running, 97 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie%Cpu(s): 0.2 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 stKiB Mem : 3881688 total, 229264 free, 543932 used, 3108492 buff/cacheKiB Swap: 1049596 total, 1049596 free, 0 used. 3026944 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1 root 20 0 43364 3596 2340 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.79 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.14 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:+ 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.33 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.73 rcu_sched
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98 total Àú³Ì×ÜÊýÄ¿ 1 running ÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÀú³ÌÊýÄ¿ 97 sleeping ˯ÃßµÄÀú³ÌÊýÄ¿ 0 stopped ×èÖ¹µÄÀú³ÌÊýÄ¿ 0 zombie ½©Ê¬Àú³ÌÊýÄ¿ %Cpu(s): 0.2 us ϵͳÓû§Àú³ÌʹÓÃcpu°Ù·Ö±È 0.0 sy ÄÚºËÀú³ÌÕ¼ÓÃcpu°Ù·Ö±È 0.0 ni Óû§Àú³Ì¿Õ¼äÄڸıä¹ýÓÅÏȼ¶µÄÀú³ÌÕ¼ÓÃcpu°Ù·Ö±È 99.8 id ¿ÕÏÐcpu°Ù·Ö±È 0.0 wa ÆÚ´ýÊäÈëÊä³öµÄcpuʱ¼ä°Ù·Ö±È 0.0 hi Ó²¼þcpuÖÐÖ¹Õ¼ÓÃ°Ù·Ö±È 0.0 si ÈíÖÐÖ¹Õ¼ÓÃ°Ù·Ö±È 0.0 st ÐéÄâ»úÕ¼ÓðٷֱÈ
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µÚËÄÎåÐÐ:
Mem : (µ¥Î»K)
3881688 total ÎïÀíÄÚ´æ×ÜÁ¿229264 free ¿ÕÏÐÄÚ´æ×ÜÁ¿543932 used ʹÓõÄÎïÀíÄÚ´æ×ÜÁ¿3108492 buff/cache Äں˻º´æµÄÄÚ´æÁ¿
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Swap: (µ¥Î»K)
1049596 total ½»Á÷Çø×ÜÁ¿ 1049596 free ¿ÕÏн»Á÷Çø×ÜÁ¿ 0 used ʹÓõĽ»Á÷Çø×ÜÁ¿ 3026944 avail Mem ¿ÉʹÓõÄÄÚ´æÁ¿
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ÎÊÌâÐÐ:
PID: Àú³Ìid
USER: Àú³ÌËùÓÐÕßÓû§Ãû
PR: ÓÅÏȼ¶
NI: Àú³ÌÓÅÏȼ¶£¬niceÖµ£¬¸ºÖµ -> ¸ßÓÅÏȼ¶£¬ÕýÖµ -> µÍÓÅÏȼ¶
VIRT: ÐéÄâÄÚ´æ×ÜÁ¿ virt=swap + res
RES: ÏÖʵʹÓÃÄÚ´æ¾Þϸ
SHR: ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ¾Þϸ
S: Àú³Ì״̬
d: ²»¿ÉÖÐÖ¹µÄ˯Ãß״̬ r: ÔËÐÐ s: ˯Ãß t: ¸ú×Ù z: ½©Ê¬Àú³Ì
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%MEM: Àú³ÌʹÓÃÎïÀíÄÚ´æ°Ù·Ö±È
TIME+: Àú³ÌʹÓÃcpuµÄʱ¼ä×ܼƣ¬µ¥Î» 1/100Ãë
COMMAND: ÏÂÁîÐÐ
kill
ÏÂÁî: kill
Óï·¨:
kill [-s signal|-p] [-q sigval] [-a] [--] pid... kill -l [signal]
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-l ÁгöËùÓÐÐźÅÃû³Æ -s Ö¸¶¨·¢ËÍÐźţ¨Ä¬ÈÏ£© -u Ö¸¶¨Óû§
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~ kill -lHUP INT QUIT ILL TRAP ABRT BUS FPE KILL USR1 SEGV USR2 PIPE ALRM TERM STKFLT CHLD CONT STOP TSTP TTIN TTOU URG XCPU XFSZ VTALRM PROF WINCH POLL PWR SYS
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~ kill -9 23423
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~ kill -u superh
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/proc ls1 21320 21628 240 392 7 diskstats loadavg swaps10 21342 21976 242 42 722 dma locks sys10353 21465 21977 243 44 7561 driver mdstat sysrq-trigger10509 21613 21978 244 442 8 execdomains meminfo sysvipc107 21614 22 249 45 803 fb misc timer_list11 21615 220 26 46 8179 filesystems modules timer_stats11010 21616 22285 261 466 8307 fs mounts tty11102 21617 22287 262 467 8327 interrupts mtrr uptime12 21618 22361 267 469 9 iomem net version13 21619 22363 268 476 acpi ioports pagetypeinfo vmallocinfo14461 21620 22396 3 477 buddyinfo irq partitions vmstat15 21621 22467 31 485 bus kallsyms sched_debug zoneinfo17 21622 225 3198 5 cgroups kcore schedstat18 21623 229 32 505 cmdline keys scsi19 21624 23 33 506 consoles key-users self2 21625 23884 336 5217 cpuinfo kmsg slabinfo20 21626 23885 34 5515 crypto kpagecount softirqs21 21627 24 357 65 devices kpageflags stat
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free
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Óï·¨: free ²ÎÊý
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-b, --bytes byteΪµ¥Î»Õ¹Ê¾ -k, --kilo kΪµ¥Î»Õ¹Ê¾ -m, --mega mΪµ¥Î»Õ¹Ê¾ -g, --giga gΪµ¥Î»Õ¹Ê¾
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~ free -m total used free shared buff/cache availableMem: 3790 536 210 2 3043 2950Swap: 1024 0 1024
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~ free -h total used free shared buff/cache availableMem: 3.7G 538M 207M 2.4M 3.0G 2.9GSwap: 1.0G 0B 1.0G
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which
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~ which pwd/usr/bin/pwd
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whereis
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Óï·¨: whereis ²ÎÊý ÅÌÎÊÄ¿µÄ
³£ÓÃÏÂÁî:
Ò»Ñùƽ³£²»¼Ó²ÎÊýʹÓà -b Ö»ËÑË÷¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ -B <Ŀ¼> ½ç˵¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ²éÕÒ·¾¶ -m Ö»ËÑË÷ man ÊÖ²á -M <Ŀ¼> ½ç˵ man ÊÖ²á²éÕÒ·¾¶ -s Ö»ËÑË÷Ô´´úÂë -S <Ŀ¼> ½ç˵Դ´úÂë²éÕÒ·¾¶
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²Ù×÷:
~ whereis lsls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz
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locate
ÏÂÁî: locate
Óï·¨: locate ÎļþÃû
³£ÓòÎÊý: ÎÞ
²Ù×÷: locateºÍfindÏÂÁЧ²îδ¼¸£¬¿ÉÊÇËÑË÷ЧÂʸü¸ß£¬ÓÉÓÚlocate²éµÄÊÇÊý¾Ý¿â¶øfind²éÕÒµÄÊÇĿ¼Îļþ¡£
Êý¾Ý¿â:
~ ls /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db
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Ïà¹ØÉèÖÃÎļþ:
~ ls /etc/updatedb.conf/etc/updatedb.conf
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Ïà¹Ø׼ʱʹÃü:
~ ls /etc/cron.daily/mlocate/etc/cron.daily/mlocate
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¾ÙÀý:
~ touch shafa ~ locate shafa ~ updatedb ~ locate shafa/root/shafa
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×¢£ºÈôÊÇÎÒÃǵ±Ììн¨µÄÎļþ²éÕÒ£¬ÐèÒªÊÖ¶¯updatedb¡£
ËÑË÷ÃñÖÚºÅLinux¾Í¸ÃÕâÑùѧ»Ø¸´¡°È¨ÏÞϵͳ¡±£¬ËÍÄãÒ»·Ý¾ªÏ²Àñ°ü¡£
grep
ÏÂÁgrep
Óï·¨£ºgrep ²ÎÊý Ä¿µÄÖµ Îļþ
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-v È¡·´ -i ºöÂÔ¾Þϸд -n Êä³öµÄͬʱ´òÓ¡ÐкŠ^* ÒÔ*¿ªÍ· *$ ÒÔ*×îºó ^$ ¿ÕÐÐ
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²Ù×÷:
²é /etc/passwdÓÐrootµÄÐÐ
~ grep root /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/zshoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
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²é /etc/passwd ûÓÐrootµÄÐÐ(ÄÚÈݽ϶࣬½ûչʾ¼¸ÐÐ)
~ grep -v root /etc/passwdbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
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²é /etc/passwd ÓÐwwwµÄÐв¢ÏÔʾÐкÅ
~ grep -n www /etc/passwd23:www:x:1000:1000::/home/www:/sbin/nologin
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find
ÏÂÁfind
Óï·¨£ºfind ·¾¶ ²ÎÊý Êä³ö
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·¾¶: ÀýÈçÓà . À´ÌåÏÖÄ¿½ñĿ¼£¬Óà / À´ÌåÏÖϵͳ¸ùĿ¼¡£ -print£ºÏÔʾµÄʱ¼ä¡±\n¡±×öΪ¶¨½ç·û, »»ÐÐ -print0£ºÓëxargsÅäÌ×ʹÓã¬ÒÔ¡°\0¡±×öΪ¶¨½ç·û
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find³£ÓÃÏÂÁîÑ¡Ïî:
-name ƾ֤ÎļþÃû²éÕÒÎļþ¡£¡°Ãû³Æ¡±-perm ƾ֤ÎļþȨÏÞÀ´²éÕÒÎļþ¡£666 777 µÈ-depth ÔÚ²éÕÒÎļþʱ£¬Ê×ÏȲéÕÒÄ¿½ñĿ¼ÖеÄÎļþ£¬È»ºóÔÙÔÚÆä×ÓĿ¼ÖвéÕÒ-user ƾ֤ÎļþÊôÖ÷À´²éÕÒÎļþ -atime -ctime (µ¥Î»ÊÇÌì) -mmin -cmin -amin(µ¥Î»ÊÇ·ÖÖÓ) -size n [c] ²éÕÒÎļþ³¤¶ÈΪn¿éµÄÎļþ£¬´øÓÐcʱÌåÏÖÎļþ³¤¶ÈÒÔ×Ö½Ú¼Æ -follow ÈôÊÇfindÏÂÁîÓöµ½·ûºÅÁ´½ÓÎļþ£¬¾Í¸ú×ÙÖÁÁ´½ÓËùÖ¸ÏòµÄÎļþ¡£
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²Ù×÷:
Éó²éÄ¿½ñĿ¼ÏÂtest.¿ªÍ·µÄÎļþ
~ find . -name "test*"./test.txt./autojump/tests./test.1
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Éó²éÄ¿½ñĿ¼ÏÂtest.¿ªÍ·µÄÎļþ,Êä³öЧ¹û»»ÐÐÏÔʾ(ĬÈÏ)
~ find . -name "test*" -print./test.txt./autojump/tests./test.1
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Éó²éÄ¿½ñĿ¼ÏÂtest.¿ªÍ·µÄÎļþ,Êä³öЧ¹û²»»»ÐÐÏÔʾ
~ find . -name "test*" -print0./test.txt./autojump/tests./test.1
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¶Ô²éÕÒµÄÄÚÈÝÖ´ÐÐÏìÓ¦ÏÂÁî
ĬÈÏÖ´ÐÐÐж¯ : -print
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-exec Õâ¸ö²ÎÊýºó¿ÉÒÔ¸ú×Ô½ç˵shellÏÂÁî
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²Ù×÷:
ÅÌÎÊ.txt×îºóµÄÎļþ²¢ÓÃlsÅÌÎÊÆä¸ü¶àÊôÐÔ
test find . -name "*.txt" -exec ls -l {} \;-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11ÔÂ 4 14:56 ./xq1.txt-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11ÔÂ 4 14:56 ./xq.txt-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11ÔÂ 4 14:56 ./xq2.txt
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ÅÌÎÊ.txt×îºóµÄÎļþ²¢Äð³É.bak×îºóµÄÎļþ
test find . -name "*.txt" -exec mv {} {}.bak \; test lsxq1.txt.bak xq2.txt.bak xq.txt.bak
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Âß¼ÅÌÎÊ:
-a ²¢ÇÒ -o »òÕß + ¸ßÓÚ - µÍÓÚ
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²Ù×÷£ºÉó²é .sh»òÕß.q×îºóµÄÎļþ¡£
test find . -name "*.sh" -o -name "*.q"./book.q./stop.sh./start.sh
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Éó²é.sh×îºó²¢ÇÒs¿ªÍ·µÄÎļþ¡£
test find . -name "*.sh" -a -name "s*"./stop.sh./start.sh
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ÔÚÎļþÖвåÈëÄÚÈݺóÉó²é¡£
test ll×ÜÓÃÁ¿ 12K-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 11Ô 4 15:10 book.q-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 11Ô 4 15:10 start.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4 11Ô 4 15:10 stop.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11Ô 4 14:56 xq1.txt.bak-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11Ô 4 14:56 xq2.txt.bak-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11Ô 4 14:56 xq.txt.bak
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Éó²é/etc ´óÓÚ40kСÓÚ50kµÄÎļþ
test find /etc/ -size +40k -a -size -50k/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sysadm/hll/etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files/file_contexts.homedirs.bin
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ÍýÏëʹÃü
˵µ½ÍýÏë,åÚÏëµ½µÄÊÇʱ¼ä,˵µ½Ê¹Ãü,åÚÏëµ½µÄ¾ÍÊÇ×öʲô¡£Á¬ÆðÀ´¾ÍÊÇʲôʱ¼ä×öʲô¡£ÌìÌ켸µãÉϰ༸µãÏ°ࡣÿÄêµÄ¹úÇ죬Ԫµ©¶¼ÔÚÀο¿µÄʱ¼ä½Úµã±¬·¢¡£ÀàËÆÕâЩ,ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ³Æ֮Ϊ׼ʱʹÃü¡£
ÔٺñÈ,ÓеÄʱ¼ä¡£¿ìÏ°àÁË,Ïòµ¼À´¸ö½ôÆÈʹÃü,СÍõ°¡,¼Ó¸ö°à¡£Ã÷ÌìÐÄÇéºÃ£¬Çë¸ö¼ÙÈ¥ÃæÊÔ¡£ÕâÖÖµÄÊôÓÚÔÝʱʹÃü¡£
ÄÇôÔÚlinuxÖÐÎÒÃÇÔõôÀ´×öÕâÁ½¼þÊÂÄØ¡£
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׼ʱ: ƾ֤һ¶¨µÄÖÜÆÚÖظ´Ò»Á¬µÄ×öij¸öÊ¡£
ÔÝʱ: Ö´ÐÐÒ»´ÎÒÔºóʹÃü¾Í¿¢ÊÂÁË£¬Ö»Ò»´Î¡£
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crontab( ׼ʱʹÃü): ƾ֤Äã Äã»®¶¨µÄÖÜÆÚ Ñ»·ÖÏÏ¢¸Ð¡£
at (ÔÝʱʹÃü): Ö´ÐÐÒ»´Î¾Í¿¢ÊµÄʹÃü¡£
atµÄʹÓÃ
ÏÂÁat
Óï·¨: at ʱ¼ä
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-l Éó²éʹÃüÁбí -c Éó²éʹÃüÏêÇé
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²Ù×÷£ºÉó²éЧÀÍÊÇ·ñ¿ªÆô
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# systemctl status atd¡ñ atd.service - Job spooling tools Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/atd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since ¶þ 2018-11-13 11:50:47 CST; 1 day 9h agoMain PID: 491 (atd) CGroup: /system.slice/atd.service ©¸©¤491 /usr/sbin/atd -f11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz systemd[1]: Started Job spooling tools.11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz systemd[1]: Starting Job spooling tools...
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¼¸ÖÖÉ趨ʹÃüµÄÒªÁì: ½¨ÉèÒ»¸öʹÃü(ĬÈÏÊǽñÌì,ÈôÊÇʱ¼ä´óÓÚÄ¿½ñʱ¼ä»á½¨ÉèÔÚÏÂÒ»Ìì £©
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# lssoft[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# at 21:17at> mkdir skat> <EOT>job 6 at Wed Nov 14 21:17:00 2018
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ָ׼ʱ¼ä½¨Éè:
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# at 20:00 2018-11-19at> mkdir happyat> <EOT>job 7 at Mon Nov 19 20:00:00 2018
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´ÓÏÖÔÚ×îÏȼÓʱ¼ä:
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# at now + 3minat> mkdir helloat> <EOT>job 8 at Wed Nov 14 21:41:00 2018
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Ã÷Ìì11:11 Ö´ÐÐ
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# at 11:11 tomorrowat> mkdir worldat> <EOT>job 9 at Thu Nov 15 11:11:00 2018
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2ÌìºóµÄÏÂÕ½Êé3.24Ö´ÐÐ
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# at 3:24 pm +2 daysat> mkdir newat> <EOT>job 11 at Fri Nov 16 15:24:00 2018
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Éó²éʹÃüÁбí(ÏÔʾ»¹Î´Ö´ÐеÄʹÃü £©
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# atq5 Thu Nov 15 21:11:00 2018 a root
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Éó²éÒ»¸öµ¥¸öµÄʹÃüÐÅÏ¢:(ÓÉÓÚÄÚÈݽ϶àÈ¥µô²¿·ÖÐÅÏ¢)
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz /]# at -c 7#!/bin/sh# atrun uid=0 gid=0# mail root 0umask 22XDG_SESSION_ID=243; export XDG_SESSION_IDHOSTNAME=iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz; export HOSTNAMESHELL=/bin/bash; export SHELLHISTSIZE=1000; export HISTSIZESSH_CLIENT=113.46.167.195\ 17211\ 22; export SSH_CLIENTSSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0; export SSH_TTYUSER=root; export USERMAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.0; export MAVEN_HOMEMAIL=/var/spool/mail/root; export MAILPATH=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.0/bin:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_191/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin; export PATHPWD=/root; export PWDJAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_191; export JAVA_HOMELANG=zh_CN.UTF-8; export LANGHISTCONTROL=ignoredups; export HISTCONTROLSHLVL=1; export SHLVLHOME=/root; export HOMELOGNAME=root; export LOGNAMECLASSPATH=.:/lib/dt.jar:/lib/tools.jar; export CLASSPATHSSH_CONNECTION=113.46.167.195\ 17211\ 172.17.187.244\ 22; export SSH_CONNECTIONLC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8; export LC_CTYPELESSOPEN=\|\|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh\ %s; export LESSOPENXDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/0; export XDG_RUNTIME_DIRcd /root || { echo 'Execution directory inaccessible' >&2 exit 1}${SHELL:-/bin/sh} << 'marcinDELIMITER550b4fbb'mkdir happymarcinDELIMITER550b4fbb
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²ÎÊýÚ¹ÊÍ:
5 : ʹÃü±àºÅ
Thu Nov 15 21:11:00 2018 : ʱ¼ä
a : ÐÐÁÐ
root : Ö´ÐÐÓû§
ɾ³ýʹÃü£º
ÏÈÀ´Éó²éÒ»ÏÂÓÐÄÄЩʹÃü
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz /]# atq7 Mon Nov 19 20:00:00 2018 a root5 Thu Nov 15 21:11:00 2018 a root11 Fri Nov 16 15:24:00 2018 a root9 Thu Nov 15 11:11:00 2018 a root12 Wed Nov 14 22:11:00 2018 a root
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ɾ³ýʹÃü±àºÅΪ12µÄʹÃü
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz /]# atrm 12[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz /]# atq7 Mon Nov 19 20:00:00 2018 a root5 Thu Nov 15 21:11:00 2018 a root11 Fri Nov 16 15:24:00 2018 a root9 Thu Nov 15 11:11:00 2018 a root
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׼ʱʹÃü´¦Àí
cronÊÇlinuxµÄÒ»¸ö׼ʱʹÃüÖ´Ðй¤¾ß,¶øcrondtabÊÇÖÜÆÚÐÔÖ´ÐÐÏÂÁî,crondÔòÊÇ׼ʱʹÃüµÄÊØ»¤Àú³Ì¡£
ЧÀÍÆô¶¯
Éó²éЧÀÍÊÇ·ñÆô¶¯
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[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# systemctl status crond¡ñ crond.service - Command Scheduler Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since ¶þ 2018-11-13 11:50:47 CST; 1 day 10h agoMain PID: 489 (crond) CGroup: /system.slice/crond.service ©¸©¤489 /usr/sbin/crond -n11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz systemd[1]: Started Command Scheduler.11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz systemd[1]: Starting Command Scheduler...11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz crond[489]: (CRON) INFO (RANDOM_DELAY will be scaled with factor 7...ed.)11Ô 13 11:50:47 iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz crond[489]: (CRON) INFO (running with inotify support)Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
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ÈôÊÇûÓÐÆô¶¯,Ö´ÐÐsystemctl start crondsystemctl enable crond
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crontabÏÂÁî
Óï·¨ : crontab ²ÎÊý
³£ÓòÎÊý :
crontab -u #Ö¸¶¨Óû§µÄcronÐÅÏ¢ crontab -l #ÁгöÄ¿½ñÓû§ÏµÄcronЧÀ͵ÄÐÅÏ¢ crontab -u user -l #ÁгöÖ¸¶¨Óû§µÄcronЧÀ͵ÄÐÅÏ¢ crontab -r #ɾ³ýcronЧÀÍ crontab -e #±à¼cronЧÀÍ crontab -r -u user #ɾ³ýÖ¸¶¨Óû§µÄ׼ʱʹÃü
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²Ù×÷:
±à¼cronЧÀÍ
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -ecrontab: installing new crontab
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Éó²éÄ¿½ñÓû§ÏÂʹÃüÄÚÈÝ
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -l22 22 22 * * mkdir /linux/test
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ɾ³ýʹÃü
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -r[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -lno crontab for root
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Éó²éqaÕâ¸öÓû§ÏµÄʹÃüÄÚÈÝ
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -u qa -l22 22 22 * * mkdir /linux/test
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ɾ³ýqaÕâ¸öÓû§ÏµÄ׼ʱʹÃü
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -u qa -r[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# crontab -u qa -lno crontab for qa
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ϵͳʹÃü
ϵͳµÄʹÃüµ÷ÀíÉèÖÃÎļþÔÚ/etc/crontabÏÂ
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# ll /etc/crontab-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 451 Nov 15 07:49 /etc/crontab
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¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÔÚ/etc/crontabÏÂÌí¼ÓϵͳʹÃü(²»½¨Òé)
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz ~]# cat /etc/crontabSHELL=/bin/bashPATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binMAILTO=root# For details see man 4 crontabs# Example of job definition:# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)# | .------------- hour (0 - 23)# | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)# | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...# | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat# | | | | |# * * * * * user-name command to be executed
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׼ʱʹÃüÏà¹ØµÄĿ¼
[root@iz2ze0ajic0vbv28hcdctpz etc]# ll crcron.d/ cron.deny cron.monthly/ cron.weekly/cron.daily/ cron.hourly/ crontab crypttab
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Ŀ¼×÷ÓÃÚ¹ÊÍ:
cron.d/ ÊÇϵͳ×Ô¶¯°´ÆÚÐèÒª×öµÄʹÃü(²»ÊÇƾ֤ʱ£¬·Ö£¬ÃëµÈʱ¼äÖÜÆÚÖ´ÐеÄ)cron.deny ÔÚ¸ÃÎļþÄÚµÄÓû§ÎÞ·¨×öÍýÏëʹÃüÆäËûÎļþΪ²î±ðÖÜÆÚµÄÖ´Ðо籾¡£
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׼ʱʹÃü¹æÔò
Ê×ÏÈÀ´¿´ÏÂʹÃüµÄÃûÌÃ(Èçͼ):
ʱ¼äµÄһЩÌØÊâ·ûºÅ:
ÏÂÃæÎÒÃÇÀ´¾ÙһЩÀý×Ó:
#ÿÍíµÄ20:30ÖؼÓÔØnginx30 20 * * * /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload#ÿÔÂ1¡¢10¡¢15ÈÕµÄ5:30ÖؼÓÔØnginx30 5 1,10,15 * * /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload#ÌìÌì20: 00ÖÁ22 : 00Ö®¼äÿ¸ô30·ÖÖÓÖؼÓÔØnginx0,30 20-22 * * * /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reloadÿÐÇÆÚÁùµÄ10 : 00 pm ÖؼÓÔØnginx0 22* * 6 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload#ÿһСʱÖؼÓÔØÒ»´Înginx0 */1 * * * /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
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expect
Ðí¶àʱ¼äÎÒÃǺÍlinuxµÄ²Ù×÷½»»¥ÐèÒªÈ˹¤¸ÉÔ¤£¬ÓÐʱ¼äÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÒ»ÖÖ¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ²»ÐèÒªÈ˹¤¸ÉÔ¤µÄºÍlinux½»»¥£¬ÕâÀïÒýÈëÁËÒ»¸ö¹¤¾ßexpect,±¾Ð¡½áÎÒÃÇÖ÷ÒªÀ´½²ÔõÑùʹÓÃexpect¡£
expectÏÈÈÝ
TCL(tool command language)ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÀàËÆshell¾ç±¾µÄÓïÑÔ,Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃËûÀ´Íê³ÉÐí¶à²Ù×÷£¬expectÊÇÔÚËüµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏÉú³¤¶øÀ´µÄ£¬expect»¹ÌṩÁËһЩtclûÓеÄÏÂÁî¡£ÈôÊÇÄãҪдһ¸ö×Ô¶¯´¦ÀíÊäÈëÊä³öµÄ¾ç±¾£¬ÎÒ½¨ÒéÑ¡Ôñexpect¡£
expect×°ÖÃ
yum install -y expect
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batch ./35spawn ssh root@iproot@ip's password:Last login: Sat Jan 5 10:15:56 2019 from 113.46.187.213Welcome to Alibaba Cloud Elastic Compute Service !
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