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Nginx ÊÇÒ»¿î¸ßÐÔÄܵÄWebЧÀÍÆ÷ºÍ·´ÏòÊðÀíЧÀÍÆ÷£¬ÆÕ±éÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ»¥ÁªÍøÁìÓò¡£ÔÚÔËάºÍ¿ª·¢Àú³ÌÖУ¬ÎÒÃǾ­³£ÐèÒª¶ÔNginxµÄÈÕÖ¾¾ÙÐÐÆÊÎöÒÔÏàʶЧÀÍÆ÷µÄÔËÐÐ״̬ºÍÐÔÄÜÌåÏÖ¡£±¾ÎĽ«ÉîÈë̽ÌÖNginxÈÕÖ¾ÆÊÎö¹¤¾ß¼°³£ÓõĹýʧ´¦Àí¼¼ÇÉ£¬²¢ÌṩÏà¹ØµÄ´úÂëʾÀý¡£

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1.1. NginxµÄaccessÈÕÖ¾

NginxµÄaccessÈÕÖ¾¼Í¼ÁËÿ¸öÇëÇóµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢£¬°üÀ¨»á¼ûµÄʱ¼ä¡¢¿Í»§¶ËIPµØµã¡¢ÇëÇóµÄURL·¾¶¡¢HTTP״̬ÂëµÈ¡£ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ̫ͨ¹ýÎöaccessÈÕÖ¾£¬ÏàʶÓû§µÄ»á¼ûÐÐΪºÍ»á¼ûµÄÐÔÄÜ״̬¡£³£ÓõÄNginxÈÕÖ¾ÆÊÎö¹¤¾ßÓÐGoAccess¡¢AwstatsºÍELKµÈ¡£

1.2. GoAccess

GoAccessÊÇÒ»¿î»ùÓÚÏÂÁîÐеÄʵʱWebÈÕÖ¾ÆÊÎö¹¤¾ß£¬¿ÉÒÔÒÔ¿ÉÊÓ»¯µÄ·½·¨Õ¹Ê¾NginxµÄÈÕÖ¾ÐÅÏ¢¡£Ëü¿ÉÒÔÌìÉúHTMLºÍJSONÃûÌõı¨¸æ£¬Ö§³Ö¶àÖÖͳ¼Æ·½·¨ºÍ¹ýÂËÌõ¼þ¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃGoAccessÆÊÎöNginx»á¼ûÈÕÖ¾µÄʾÀý£º

$ goaccess -f /path/to/nginx/access.log -a

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1.3. Awstats

AwstatsÊÇÒ»¿î¹¦Ð§Ç¿Ê¢µÄÈÕÖ¾ÆÊÎö¹¤¾ß£¬¿ÉÒÔÌìÉúÏêϸµÄ»á¼û±¨¸æºÍͼ±í¡£ËüÖ§³Ö¶àÖÖÈÕÖ¾ÃûÌ㬰üÀ¨NginxµÄaccessÈÕÖ¾ÃûÌá£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃAwstatsÆÊÎöNginx»á¼ûÈÕÖ¾µÄʾÀý£º

$ awstats.pl -config=nginx -LogFile=/path/to/nginx/access.log

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1.4. ELK

ELKÊÇÖ¸Elasticsearch¡¢LogstashºÍKibanaÈý¿î¿ªÔ´¹¤¾ßµÄ×éºÏ£¬ÓÃÓÚʵʱÆÊÎöºÍ¿ÉÊÓ»¯ÈÕÖ¾Êý¾Ý¡£ElasticsearchÊÇÒ»¿îÂþÑÜʽËÑË÷ºÍÆÊÎöÒýÇ棬LogstashÊÇÒ»¿îÓÃÓÚÍøÂç¡¢´¦ÀíºÍ´«ÊäÈÕÖ¾Êý¾ÝµÄ¹¤¾ß£¬KibanaÊÇÒ»¿îÓÃÓÚչʾºÍ¿ÉÊÓ»¯ÈÕÖ¾Êý¾ÝµÄ¹¤¾ß¡£

ͨ¹ý½«NginxÈÕÖ¾µ¼Èëµ½ELKÖУ¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ½èÖúKibanaÌìÉú¸»ºñµÄÒDZíÅ̺Íͼ±í£¬¿ìËÙ·¢Ã÷Ï¢Õù¾öÎÊÌâ¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öʹÓÃELKÆÊÎöNginx»á¼ûÈÕÖ¾µÄʾÀý£º

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input {
  file {
    path => "/path/to/nginx/access.log"
    sincedb_path => "/dev/null"
  }
}

filter {
  grok {
    match => { "message" => "%{COMBINEDAPACHELOG}" }
  }
}

output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["localhost:9200"]
    index => "nginx-access-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}

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2.1. ¹ýʧÈÕÖ¾

NginxµÄ¹ýʧÈÕÖ¾¼Í¼ÁËЧÀÍÆ÷µÄÔËÐÐ״̬ºÍ¹ýʧÐÅÏ¢£¬¹ØÓÚ¹ÊÕÏÅŲéºÍÐÔÄÜÓÅ»¯¶¼ºÜÊÇÓÐ×ÊÖú¡£¹ýʧÈÕÖ¾µÄλÖúÍÃûÌÿÉÒÔÔÚNginxµÄÉèÖÃÎļþÖÐÖ¸¶¨¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸ö³£¼ûµÄ¹ýʧÈÕÖ¾ÉèÖÃʾÀý£º

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

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2.2. ×Ô½ç˵¹ýʧҳÃæ

Nginx¿ÉÒÔ×Ô½ç˵¹ýʧҳÃ棬ʹÓû§ÔÚÓöµ½¹ýʧʱÄܹ»¿´µ½ÓѺõÄÌáÐÑÐÅÏ¢¡£Ò»Ñùƽ³£ÇéÐÎÏ£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ½ç˵404¡¢500µÈ³£¼û¹ýʧҳÃæ¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸ö×Ô½ç˵404¹ýʧҳÃæµÄÉèÖÃʾÀý£º

error_page 404 /404.html;

location = /404.html {
  root /path/to/error/pages;
  internal;
}

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2.3. HTTP״̬Âë

Nginxͨ¹ýHTTP״̬ÂëÀ´ÌåÏÖÇëÇóµÄ´¦ÀíЧ¹û£¬³£¼ûµÄ״̬ÂëÓÐ200¡¢301¡¢404¡¢500µÈ¡£¹ØÓÚ²î±ðµÄ״̬Â룬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýNginxµÄÉèÖÃÎļþ¾ÙÐÐÏìÓ¦µÄ´¦Àí¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸öÖض¨Ïò301״̬ÂëµÄÉèÖÃʾÀý£º

location /old-path {
  return 301 /new-path;
}

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¸ÃÉèÖûὫËùÓжÔ/old-pathµÄÇëÇóÖض¨Ïòµ½/new-path¡£

2.4. ·´ÏòÊðÀí³¬Ê±´¦Àí

ÔÚ·´ÏòÊðÀíģʽÏ£¬Nginx×÷Ϊǰ¶ËÊðÀíЧÀÍÆ÷£¬ÊðÀíÓû§ÇëÇó²¢½«Æäת·¢¸øºó¶ËµÄÕæʵЧÀÍÆ÷¡£µ±ºó¶ËЧÀÍÆ÷´¦ÀíÇëÇóµÄʱ¼ä¹ý³¤Ê±£¬Nginx»á·ºÆð³¬Ê±¹ýʧ¡£ÎªÏàʶ¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌ⣬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÐÞ¸ÄNginxµÄÉèÖÃÎļþÀ´µ÷½â³¬Ê±Ê±¼ä¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸ö·´ÏòÊðÀí³¬Ê±´¦ÀíµÄÉèÖÃʾÀý£º

location / {
  proxy_pass http://backend;
  proxy_connect_timeout 5s;
  proxy_send_timeout 10s;
  proxy_read_timeout 20s;
}

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