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su root -f
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su test:Çл»µ½testÓû§£¬¿ÉÊÇ·¾¶ÕÕ¾É/rootĿ¼su - test : Çл»µ½testÓû§£¬Â·¾¶Äð³ÉÁË/home/testsu : Çл»µ½rootÓû§£¬¿ÉÊÇ·¾¶ÕÕ¾ÉÔÀ´µÄ·¾¶su - : Çл»µ½rootÓû§£¬²¢ÇÒ·¾¶ÊÇ/rootsuȱ·¦£ºÈôÊÇij¸öÓû§ÐèҪʹÓÃrootȨÏÞ¡¢Ôò±ØÐèÒª°ÑrootÃÜÂë¸æËß´ËÓû§¡£Í˳ö·µ»Ø֮ǰµÄÓû§£ºexit
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yum [options] [command] [package ...]
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1.ÁгöËùÓпɸüеÄÈí¼þÇåµ¥ÏÂÁyum check-update
2.¸üÐÂËùÓÐÈí¼þÏÂÁyum update
3.½ö×°ÖÃÖ¸¶¨µÄÈí¼þÏÂÁyum install
4.½ö¸üÐÂÖ¸¶¨µÄÈí¼þÏÂÁyum update
5.ÁгöËùÓпɰ²ÑbµÄÈí¼þÇåµ¥ÏÂÁyum list
6.ɾ³ýÈí¼þ°üÏÂÁyum remove
7.²éÕÒÈí¼þ°ü ÏÂÁyum search
8.ɨ³ý»º´æÏÂÁî:
yum clean packages: ɨ³ý»º´æĿ¼ÏµÄÈí¼þ°ü
yum clean headers: ɨ³ý»º´æĿ¼Ï嵀 headers
yum clean oldheaders: ɨ³ý»º´æĿ¼ÏÂ¾ÉµÄ headers
yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :ɨ³ý»º´æĿ¼ÏµÄÈí¼þ°ü¼°¾ÉµÄheaders
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×°ÖÃ pam-devel
[root@www ~] yum install pam-develSetting up Install ProcessParsing package install argumentsResolving Dependencies <==Ïȼì²éÈí¼þµÄÊôÐÔÏàÒÀÎÊÌâ--> Running transaction check---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated--> Processing Dependency: pam = 0.99.6.2-4.el5 for package: pam-devel--> Running transaction check---> Package pam.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updatedfilelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 1.6 MB 00:05filelists.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 138 kB 00:00-> Finished Dependency Resolution¡¡(Ê¡ÂÔ)
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[root@www ~] yum remove pam-develSetting up Remove ProcessResolving Dependencies <==ͬÑùµÄ£¬ÏȽâ¾öÊôÐÔÏàÒÀµÄÎÊÌâ--> Running transaction check---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be erased--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size=============================================================================Removing: pam-devel i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 installed 495 kTransaction Summary=============================================================================Install 0 Package(s)Update 0 Package(s)Remove 1 Package(s) <==»¹ºÃ£¬²¢Ã»ÓÐÊôÐÔÏàÒÀµÄÎÊÌ⣬´¿´âÒƳýÒ»¸öÈí¼þIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestFinished Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction Erasing : pam-devel ######################### [1/1]Removed: pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5Complete!
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[root@www ~] yum list pam*Installed Packagespam.i386 0.99.6.2-3.27.el5 installedpam_ccreds.i386 3-5 installedpam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-1 installedpam_passwdqc.i386 1.0.2-1.2.2 installedpam_pkcs11.i386 0.5.3-23 installedpam_smb.i386 1.1.7-7.2.1 installedAvailable Packages <==µ×ÏÂÔòÊÇ¡º¿ÉÉý¼¶¡»µÄ»ò¡ºÎ´×°ÖỵÄpam.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 basepam-devel.i386 0.99.6.2-4.el5 basepam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-10 base
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mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup1
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CentOS5 £ºhttp://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
CentOS6 £ºhttp://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
CentOS7 £ºhttp://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repomv CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo
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sohu µÄ yum Ô´×°ÖÃÒªÁìÉó²é: http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/centos.htm
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awk [Ñ¡Ïî²ÎÊý] 'script' var=value file(s)»òawk [Ñ¡Ïî²ÎÊý] -f scriptfile var=value file(s)
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-W copyleft or ¡ªcopyleft, -W copyright or ¡ªcopyright´òÓ¡¼ò¶ÌµÄ°æȨÐÅÏ¢¡£
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= += -= = /= %= ^= *= | ¸³Öµ | ||
?: | CÌõ¼þ±í´ïʽ | ||
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&& | Âß¼Óë | ||
~ ºÍ !~ | Æ¥ÅäÕýÔò±í´ïʽºÍ²»Æ¥ÅäÕýÔò±í´ïʽ | ||
< <= > >= != == | ¹ØϵÔËËã·û | ||
¿Õ¸ñ | ÅþÁ¬ | ||
+ – | ¼Ó£¬¼õ | ||
* / % | ³Ë£¬³ýÓëÇóÓà | ||
+ – ! | Ò»Ôª¼Ó£¬¼õºÍÂß¼·Ç | ||
^ * | ÇóÃÝ | ||
++ ¨C | ÔöÌí»òïÔÌ£¬×÷Ϊǰ׺»òºó׺ | ||
$ | ×Ö¶ÎÒýÓà | ||
in | Êý×é³ÉÔ± |
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$n | Ä¿½ñ¼Í¼µÄµÚn¸ö×ֶΣ¬×ֶμäÓÉFSÍÑÀë |
$0 | ÍêÕûµÄÊäÈë¼Í¼ |
ARGC | ÏÂÁîÐвÎÊýµÄÊýÄ¿ |
ARGIND | ÏÂÁîÐÐÖÐÄ¿½ñÎļþµÄλÖÃ(´Ó0×îÏÈËã) |
ARGV | °üÀ¨ÏÂÁîÐвÎÊýµÄÊý×é |
CONVFMT | Êý×Öת»»ÃûÌÃ(ĬÈÏֵΪ%.6g)ENVIRONÇéÐαäÁ¿¹ØÁªÊý×é |
ERRNO | ×îºóÒ»¸öϵͳ¹ýʧµÄÐÎò |
FIELDWIDTHS | ×ֶοí¶ÈÁбí(Óÿոñ¼üÍÑÀë) |
FILENAME | Ä¿½ñÎļþÃû |
FNR | ¸÷Îļþ»®·Ö¼ÆÊýµÄÐкŠ|
FS | ×Ö¶ÎÍÑÀë·û(ĬÈÏÊÇÈκοոñ) |
IGNORECASE | ÈôÊÇΪÕ棬Ôò¾ÙÐкöÂÔ¾ÞϸдµÄÆ¥Åä |
NF | Ò»Ìõ¼Í¼µÄ×ֶεÄÊýÄ¿ |
NR | ÒѾ¶Á³öµÄ¼Í¼Êý£¬¾ÍÊÇÐкţ¬´Ó1×îÏÈ |
OFMT | Êý×ÖµÄÊäÌØÊâʽ(ĬÈÏÖµÊÇ%.6g) |
OFS | Êä³ö¼Í¼ÍÑÀë·û£¨Êä³ö»»Ðзû£©£¬Êä³öʱÓÃÖ¸¶¨µÄ·ûºÅÈ¡´ú»»Ðзû |
ORS | Êä³ö¼Í¼ÍÑÀë·û(ĬÈÏÖµÊÇÒ»¸ö»»Ðзû) |
RLENGTH | ÓÉmatchº¯ÊýËùÆ¥ÅäµÄ×Ö·û´®µÄ³¤¶È |
RS | ¼Í¼ÍÑÀë·û(ĬÈÏÊÇÒ»¸ö»»Ðзû) |
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$ awk 'BEGIN{printf "%4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4sn","FILENAME","ARGC","FNR","FS","NF","NR","OFS","ORS","RS";printf "---------------------------------------------n"} {printf "%4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4sn",FILENAME,ARGC,FNR,FS,NF,NR,OFS,ORS,RS}' log.txtFILENAME ARGC FNR FS NF NR OFS ORS RS---------------------------------------------log.txt 2 1 5 1log.txt 2 2 5 2log.txt 2 3 3 3log.txt 2 4 4 4$ awk -F' 'BEGIN{printf "%4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4sn","FILENAME","ARGC","FNR","FS","NF","NR","OFS","ORS","RS";printf "---------------------------------------------n"} {printf "%4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4s %4sn",FILENAME,ARGC,FNR,FS,NF,NR,OFS,ORS,RS}' log.txtFILENAME ARGC FNR FS NF NR OFS ORS RS---------------------------------------------log.txt 2 1 ' 1 1log.txt 2 2 ' 1 2log.txt 2 3 ' 2 3log.txt 2 4 ' 1 4# Êä³ö˳ÐòºÅ NR, Æ¥ÅäÎı¾ÐкÅ$ awk '{print NR,FNR,$1,$2,$3}' log.txt---------------------------------------------1 1 2 this is2 2 3 Are you3 3 This's a test4 4 10 There are# Ö¸¶¨Êä³öÖ§½â·û$ awk '{print $1,$2,$5}' OFS=" $ " log.txt---------------------------------------------2 $ this $ test3 $ Are $ awkThis's $ a $10 $ There $
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$ awk '$2 !~ /th/ {print $2,$4}' log.txt---------------------------------------------Are likeaThere orange,apple,mongo$ awk '!/th/ {print $2,$4}' log.txt---------------------------------------------Are likeaThere orange,apple,mongo
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$ cat score.txtMarry 2143 78 84 77Jack 2321 66 78 45Tom 2122 48 77 71Mike 2537 87 97 95Bob 2415 40 57 62
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$ cat cal.awk#!/bin/awk -f#ÔËÐÐÇ°BEGIN { math = 0 english = 0 computer = 0 printf "NAME NO. MATH ENGLISH COMPUTER TOTALn" printf "---------------------------------------------n"}#ÔËÐÐÖÐ{ math+=$3 english+=$4 computer+=$5 printf "%-6s %-6s %4d %8d %8d %8dn", $1, $2, $3,$4,$5, $3+$4+$5}#ÔËÐкóEND { printf "---------------------------------------------n" printf " TOTAL:%10d %8d %8d n", math, english, computer printf "AVERAGE:%10.2f %8.2f %8.2fn", math/NR, english/NR, computer/NR}123456789101112131415161718192021222324
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$ awk -f cal.awk score.txtNAME NO. MATH ENGLISH COMPUTER TOTAL---------------------------------------------Marry 2143 78 84 77 239Jack 2321 66 78 45 189Tom 2122 48 77 71 196Mike 2537 87 97 95 279Bob 2415 40 57 62 159--------------------------------------------- TOTAL: 319 393 350AVERAGE: 63.80 78.60 70.00
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BEGIN { print "Hello, world!" }
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$ ls -l *.txt | awk '{sum+=$5} END {print sum}'--------------------------------------------------666581
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[root@www ~] nl /etc/passwd | sed '2,5d'1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown.....(ºóÃæÊ¡ÂÔ).....
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sed µÄÐж¯Îª ¡®2,5d¡¯ £¬ËÈË d ¾ÍÊÇɾ³ý£¡ÓÉÓÚ 2-5 ÐиøËûɾ³ýÁË£¬ÒÔÊÇÏÔʾµÄÊý¾Ý¾ÍûÓÐ 2-5 ÐÐÂÞ¡« ÁíÍ⣬עÖØһϣ¬Ô±¾Ó¦¸ÃÊÇҪϴï sed -e ²Å¶Ô£¬Ã»ÓÐ -e Ò²ÐÐÀ²£¡Í¬Ê±Ò²Òª×¢ÖصÄÊÇ£¬ sed ºóÃæ½ÓµÄÐж¯£¬ÇëÎñ±ØÒÔ ¡®¡¯ Á½¸öµ¥ÒýºÅÀ¨×¡à¸£¡
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[root@www ~] nl /etc/passwd | sed '2a drink tea'1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindrink tea3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin.....(ºóÃæÊ¡ÂÔ).....
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nl /etc/passwd | sed '2i drink tea'
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[root@www ~] nl /etc/passwd | sed '2a Drink tea or ......> drink beer ?'1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologinDrink tea or ......drink beer ?3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin.....(ºóÃæÊ¡ÂÔ).....
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sed 's/Òª±»È¡´úµÄ×Ö´®/еÄ×Ö´®/g'
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[root@www ~] /sbin/ifconfig eth0 | grep 'inet addr' | sed 's/^.*addr://g' | sed 's/Bcast.*$//g'192.168.1.100
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regular_express.txt ÎļþÄÚÈÝÈçÏ£º
[root@www ~] cat regular_express.txt runoob.google.taobao.facebook.zhihu-weibo-
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sed -e 4anewLine testfile
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Append text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.
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sed -e '4 a newline' testfile
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sed -e '4 a newlinennewline2' testfile
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sed -e '4 a newlinennewline2n' testfile
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grep test *file
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$ grep test test* #²éÕÒǰ׺ÓС°test¡±µÄÎļþ°üÀ¨¡°test¡±×Ö·û´®µÄÎļþ testfile1:This a Linux testfile! #Áгötestfile1 ÎļþÖаüÀ¨test×Ö·ûµÄÐÐ testfile_2:This is a linux testfile! #Áгötestfile_2 ÎļþÖаüÀ¨test×Ö·ûµÄÐÐ testfile_2:Linux test #Áгötestfile_2 ÎļþÖаüÀ¨test×Ö·ûµÄÐÐ
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grep -r update /etc/acpi
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grep -v test *test*
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$ grep-v test* #²éÕÒÎļþÃûÖаüÀ¨test µÄÎļþÖв»°üÀ¨test µÄÐÐ testfile1:helLinux! testfile1:Linis a free Unix-type operating system. testfile1:Lin testfile_1:HELLO LINUX! testfile_1:LINUX IS A FREE UNIX-TYPE OPTERATING SYSTEM. testfile_1:THIS IS A LINUX TESTFILE! testfile_2:HELLO LINUX! testfile_2:Linux is a free unix-type opterating system.
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