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4.1.1.1 tarŲÓÃ

gzip ÊÇ GNU ×éÖ¯¿ª·¢µÄÒ»¸öѹËõ³ÌÐò £¬.gz ×îºóµÄÎļþ¾ÍÊÇ gzip ѹËõµÄЧ¹û¡£Óë gzip Ïà¶ÔµÄ½âѹ³ÌÐòÊÇ gunzip¡£tar ÖÐʹÓà -z Õâ¸ö²ÎÊýÀ´Å²ÓÃgzip¡£ÏÂÃæÀ´¾ÙÀý˵Ã÷һϣº

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4.1.1.2 tar ŲÓà bzip2

bzip2 ÊÇÒ»¸öѹËõÄÜÁ¦¸üÇ¿µÄѹËõ³ÌÐò £¬.bz2 ×îºóµÄÎļþ¾ÍÊÇ bzip2 ѹËõµÄЧ¹û¡£

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 tar -xjf all.tar.bz2

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4.1.1.3 tar ŲÓà compress

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1) ¹ØÓÚ.tar×îºóµÄÎļþ

tar -xf all.tar

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gzip -d all.gzgunzip all.gz

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3)¹ØÓÚ .tgz »ò .tar.gz ×îºóµÄÎļþ

tar -xzf all.tar.gztar -xzf all.tgz

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4) ¹ØÓÚ .bz2 ×îºóµÄÎļþ

bzip2 -d all.bz2bunzip2 all.bz2

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5) ¹ØÓÚ tar.bz2 ×îºóµÄÎļþ

tar -xjf all.tar.bz2

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6) ¹ØÓÚ .Z ×îºóµÄÎļþ

uncompress all.Z

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7) ¹ØÓÚ .tar.Z ×îºóµÄÎļþ

tar -xZf all.tar.z

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ÁíÍâ¹ØÓÚ Windows ϵij£¼ûѹËõÎļþ .zip ºÍ .rar £¬Linux Ò²ÓÐÏìÓ¦µÄÒªÁìÀ´½âѹËüÃÇ£º

1) ¹ØÓÚ .zip

linux ÏÂÌṩÁË zip ºÍ unzip ³ÌÐò £¬zip ÊÇѹËõ³ÌÐò £¬unzip Êǽâѹ³ÌÐò¡£ËüÃǵIJÎÊýÑ¡ÏîÐí¶à £¬ÕâÀïÖ»×ö¼òÆÓÏÈÈÝ £¬ÒÀ¾É¾ÙÀý˵Ã÷Ò»ÏÂÆäÓ÷¨£º

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 unzip all.zip

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2) ¹ØÓÚ .rar

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 tar -xzpvf rarlinux-x64-5.6.b5.tar.gz cd rar  make

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ÕâÑù¾Í×°ÖúÃÁË £¬×°Öúó¾ÍÓÐÁË rar ºÍ unrar ÕâÁ½¸ö³ÌÐò £¬rar ÊÇѹËõ³ÌÐò £¬unrar Êǽâѹ³ÌÐò¡£ËüÃǵIJÎÊýÑ¡ÏîÐí¶à £¬ÕâÀïÖ»×ö¼òÆÓÏÈÈÝ £¬ÒÀ¾É¾ÙÀý˵Ã÷Ò»ÏÂÆäÓ÷¨£º

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 unrar e all.rar

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4.2 À©Õ¹ÄÚÈÝ

tar

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5.1 grep

grepÏÂÁîÊÇÒ»ÖÖÇ¿Ê¢µÄÎı¾ËÑË÷¹¤¾ß

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ps -ef | grep sshd  ²éÕÒÖ¸¶¨sshЧÀÍÀú³Ì ps -ef | grep sshd | grep -v grep ²éÕÒÖ¸¶¨Ð§ÀÍÀú³Ì£¬É¨³ýgerpÉí ps -ef | grep sshd -c ²éÕÒÖ¸¶¨Àú³Ì¸öÊý

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grep "thermcontact" /.in

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$ grep ¨Ce "ÕýÔò±í´ïʽ" ÎļþÃû

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$ grep ¨Cv "±»²éÕÒµÄ×Ö·û´®" ÎļþÃû

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5.2 find

findÏÂÁîÔÚĿ¼½á¹¹ÖÐËÑË÷Îļþ £¬²¢¶ÔËÑË÷Ч¹ûÖ´ÐÐÖ¸¶¨µÄ²Ù×÷¡£

find ĬÈÏËÑË÷Ä¿½ñĿ¼¼°Æä×ÓĿ¼ £¬²¢ÇÒ²»¹ýÂËÈκÎЧ¹û£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ·µ»ØËùÓÐÎļþ£© £¬½«ËüÃÇÈ«¶¼ÏÔʾÔÚÆÁÄ»ÉÏ¡£ÁíÍâ £¬ËÑË÷ÃñÖںűà³ÌÊÖÒÕȦºǫ́»Ø¸´¡°1024¡± £¬»ñÈ¡Ò»·Ý¾ªÏ²Àñ°ü¡£

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find . -name "*.log" -ls  ÔÚÄ¿½ñĿ¼²éÕÒÒÔ.log×îºóµÄÎļþ£¬²¢ÏÔʾÏêϸÐÅÏ¢¡£find /root/ -perm 600   ²éÕÒ/root/Ŀ¼ÏÂȨÏÞΪ600µÄÎļþ find . -type f -name "*.log"  ²éÕÒµ±Ä¿Â¼£¬ÒÔ.log×îºóµÄͨË×Îļþ find . -type d | sort   ²éÕÒÄ¿½ñËùÓÐĿ¼²¢ÅÅÐò find . -size +100M  ²éÕÒÄ¿½ñĿ¼´óÓÚ100MµÄÎļþ

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´Ó¸ùĿ¼×îÏȲéÕÒËùÓÐÀ©Õ¹ÃûΪ .log µÄÎı¾Îļþ £¬²¢ÕÒ³ö°üÀ¨ ¡°ERROR¡± µÄÐУº

$ find / -type f -name "*.log" | xargs grep "ERROR"

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Àý×Ó£º´ÓÄ¿½ñĿ¼×îÏȲéÕÒËùÓÐÀ©Õ¹ÃûΪ .in µÄÎı¾Îļþ £¬²¢ÕÒ³ö°üÀ¨ ¡°thermcontact¡± µÄÐУº

find . -name "*.in" | xargs grep "thermcontact"

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5.3 locate

locate ÈÃʹÓÃÕß¿ÉÒԺܿìËÙµÄÕ÷²Éij¸ö·¾¶¡£Ä¬ÈÏÌìÌì×Ô¶¯¸üÐÂÒ»´Î £¬ÒÔÊÇʹÓÃlocate ÏÂÁî²é²»µ½×îб任¹ýµÄÎļþ¡£ÎªÁË×èÖ¹ÕâÖÖÇéÐÎ £¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚʹÓÃlocate֮ǰ £¬ÏÈʹÓÃupdatedbÏÂÁî £¬ÊÖ¶¯¸üÐÂÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ÈôÊÇÊý¾Ý¿âÖÐûÓÐÅÌÎʵÄÊý¾Ý £¬Ôò»á±¨³ölocate: can not stat () `/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db¡¯: No such file or directory¸Ã¹ýʧ£¡updatedb¼´¿É£¡

yum -y install mlocate ÈôÊÇÊǾ«¼ò°æCentOSϵͳÐèҪװÖÃlocateÏÂÁî

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updatedblocate /etc/sh ËÑË÷etcĿ¼ÏÂËùÓÐÒÔsh¿ªÍ·µÄÎļþ locate pwd ²éÕÒºÍpwdÏà¹ØµÄËùÓÐÎļþ

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5.4 whereis

whereisÏÂÁîÊǶ¨Î»¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþ¡¢Ô´´úÂëÎļþ¡¢×ÊÖúÎļþÔÚÎļþϵͳÖеÄλÖá£ÕâЩÎļþµÄÊôÐÔÓ¦ÊôÓÚԭʼ´úÂë £¬¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ £¬»òÊÇ×ÊÖúÎļþ¡£

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whereis ls    ½«ºÍlsÎļþÏà¹ØµÄÎļþ¶¼²éÕÒ³öÀ´

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5.5 which

whichÏÂÁîµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇÔÚPATH±äÁ¿Ö¸¶¨µÄ·¾¶ÖÐ £¬ËÑË÷ij¸öϵͳÏÂÁîµÄλÖà £¬²¢ÇÒ·µ»ØµÚÒ»¸öËÑË÷Ч¹û¡£

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which pwd  ²éÕÒpwdÏÂÁîËùÔÚ·¾¶ which java  ²éÕÒpathÖÐjavaµÄ·¾¶

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6.1 su

Linux suÏÂÁîÓÃÓڱ任ΪÆäËûʹÓÃÕßµÄÉí·Ý £¬³ý root Íâ £¬ÐèÒª¼üÈë¸ÃʹÓÃÕßµÄÃÜÂë¡£

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su [-fmp] [-c command] [-s shell] [--help] [--version] [-] [USER [ARG]]

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-f »ò ¡ªfast ²»±Ø¶ÁÆô¶¯µµ£¨Èç csh.cshrc µÈ£© £¬½öÓÃÓÚ csh »ò tcsh

-m -p »ò ¡ªpreserve-environment Ö´ÐÐ su ʱ²»¸Ä±äÇéÐαäÊý

-c command »ò ¡ªcommand=command ±ä»»ÎªÕʺÅΪ USER µÄʹÓÃÕß²¢Ö´ÐÐÖ¸Ácommand£©ºóÔÙ±ä»ØÔ­À´Ê¹ÓÃÕß

-s shell »ò ¡ªshell=shell Ö¸¶¨ÒªÖ´ÐÐµÄ shell £¨bash csh tcsh µÈ£© £¬Ô¤ÉèֵΪ /etc/passwd ÄڵĸÃʹÓÃÕߣ¨USER£© shell

¨Chelp ÏÔʾ˵Ã÷Îļþ

¨Cversion ÏÔʾ°æ±¾×ÊѶ

– -l »ò ¡ªlogin Õâ¸ö²ÎÊý¼ÓÁËÖ®ºó £¬¾ÍËƺõÊÇÖØРlogin Ϊ¸ÃʹÓÃÕßÒ»Ñù £¬´ó²¿·ÝÇéÐαäÊý£¨HOME SHELL USERµÈµÈ£©¶¼ÊÇÒÔ¸ÃʹÓÃÕߣ¨USER£©ÎªÖ÷ £¬²¢ÇÒÊÂÇéĿ¼Ҳ»á¸Ä±ä £¬ÈôÊÇûÓÐÖ¸¶¨ USER  £¬ÄÚ¶¨ÊÇ root

USER Óû±ä»»µÄʹÓÃÕßÕʺÅ

ARG ´«ÈëÐ嵀 shell ²ÎÊý

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±ä»»ÕʺÅΪ root ²¢ÔÚÖ´ÐÐ ls Ö¸ÁîÍËÈ´³ö±ä»ØԭʹÓÃÕß

su -c ls root

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±ä»»ÕʺÅΪ root ²¢´«Èë -f ²ÎÊý¸øÐÂÖ´ÐÐµÄ shell

su root -f

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±ä»»ÕʺÅΪ clsung ²¢¸Ä±äÊÂÇéĿ¼ÖÁ clsung µÄ¼ÒĿ¼£¨home dir£©

su - clsung

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Çл»Óû§

hnlinux@runoob.com:~$ whoami //ÏÔʾĿ½ñÓû§hnlinuxhnlinux@runoob.com:~$ pwd //ÏÔʾĿ½ñĿ¼/home/hnlinuxhnlinux@runoob.com:~$ su root //Çл»µ½rootÓû§ÃÜÂ룺root@runoob.com:/home/hnlinux# whoami rootroot@runoob.com:/home/hnlinux# pwd/home/hnlinux

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Çл»Óû§ £¬¸Ä±äÇéÐαäÁ¿

hnlinux@runoob.com:~$ whoami //ÏÔʾĿ½ñÓû§hnlinuxhnlinux@runoob.com:~$ pwd //ÏÔʾĿ½ñĿ¼/home/hnlinuxhnlinux@runoob.com:~$ su - root //Çл»µ½rootÓû§ÃÜÂ룺root@runoob.com:/home/hnlinux# whoami rootroot@runoob.com:/home/hnlinux# pwd //ÏÔʾĿ½ñĿ¼/root

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suÓÃÓÚÓû§Ö®¼äµÄÇл»¡£¿ÉÊÇÇл»Ç°µÄÓû§ÒÀÈ»¼á³ÖµÇ¼״̬¡£ÈôÊÇÊÇroot ÏòͨË×»òÐéÄâÓû§Çл»²»ÐèÒªÃÜÂë £¬·´Ö®Í¨Ë×Óû§Çл»µ½ÆäËüÈκÎÓû§¶¼ÐèÒªÃÜÂëÑéÖ¤¡£

su test:Çл»µ½testÓû§£¬¿ÉÊÇ·¾¶ÕÕ¾É/rootĿ¼su - test : Çл»µ½testÓû§£¬Â·¾¶Äð³ÉÁË/home/testsu : Çл»µ½rootÓû§£¬¿ÉÊÇ·¾¶ÕÕ¾ÉÔ­À´µÄ·¾¶su - : Çл»µ½rootÓû§£¬²¢ÇÒ·¾¶ÊÇ/rootsuȱ·¦£ºÈôÊÇij¸öÓû§ÐèҪʹÓÃrootȨÏÞ¡¢Ôò±ØÐèÒª°ÑrootÃÜÂë¸æËß´ËÓû§¡£Í˳ö·µ»Ø֮ǰµÄÓû§£ºexit

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6.2 sudo

sudoÊÇΪËùÓÐÏëʹÓÃrootȨÏÞµÄͨË×Óû§Éè¼ÆµÄ¡£¿ÉÒÔÈÃͨË×Óû§¾ßÓÐÔÝʱʹÓÃrootȨÏÞµÄȨÁ¦¡£Ö»ÐèÊäÈë×Ô¼ºÕË»§µÄÃÜÂë¼´¿É¡£

½øÈësudoÉèÖÃÎļþÏÂÁ

vi /etc/sudoer»òÕßvisudo

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°¸Àý£ºÔÊÐíhadoopÓû§ÒÔrootÉí·ÝÖ´ÐÐÖÖÖÖÓ¦ÓÃÏÂÁî £¬ÐèÒªÊäÈëhadoopÓû§µÄÃÜÂë¡£hadoop ALL=(ALL) ALL

°¸Àý£ºÖ»ÔÊÐíhadoopÓû§ÒÔrootÉí·ÝÖ´ÐÐls ¡¢catÏÂÁî £¬²¢ÇÒÖ´ÐÐʱ¼äÃâÊäÈëÃÜÂë¡£ÉèÖÃÎļþÖУºhadoop ALL=NOPASSWD: /bin/ls, /bin/cat

su root -f

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±ä»»ÕʺÅΪ clsung ²¢¸Ä±äÊÂÇéĿ¼ÖÁ clsung µÄ¼ÒĿ¼£¨home dir£©

su - clsung

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Çл»Óû§

hnlinux@runoob.com:~$ whoami //ÏÔʾĿ½ñÓû§hnlinuxhnlinux@runoob.com:~$ pwd //ÏÔʾĿ½ñĿ¼/home/hnlinuxhnlinux@runoob.com:~$ su root //Çл»µ½rootÓû§ÃÜÂ룺root@runoob.com:/home/hnlinux# whoami rootroot@runoob.com:/home/hnlinux# pwd/home/hnlinux

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Çл»Óû§ £¬¸Ä±äÇéÐαäÁ¿

hnlinux@runoob.com:~$ whoami //ÏÔʾĿ½ñÓû§hnlinuxhnlinux@runoob.com:~$ pwd //ÏÔʾĿ½ñĿ¼/home/hnlinuxhnlinux@runoob.com:~$ su - root //Çл»µ½rootÓû§ÃÜÂ룺root@runoob.com:/home/hnlinux# whoami rootroot@runoob.com:/home/hnlinux# pwd //ÏÔʾĿ½ñĿ¼/root

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suÓÃÓÚÓû§Ö®¼äµÄÇл»¡£¿ÉÊÇÇл»Ç°µÄÓû§ÒÀÈ»¼á³ÖµÇ¼״̬¡£ÈôÊÇÊÇroot ÏòͨË×»òÐéÄâÓû§Çл»²»ÐèÒªÃÜÂë £¬·´Ö®Í¨Ë×Óû§Çл»µ½ÆäËüÈκÎÓû§¶¼ÐèÒªÃÜÂëÑéÖ¤¡£

su test:Çл»µ½testÓû§£¬¿ÉÊÇ·¾¶ÕÕ¾É/rootĿ¼su - test : Çл»µ½testÓû§£¬Â·¾¶Äð³ÉÁË/home/testsu : Çл»µ½rootÓû§£¬¿ÉÊÇ·¾¶ÕÕ¾ÉÔ­À´µÄ·¾¶su - : Çл»µ½rootÓû§£¬²¢ÇÒ·¾¶ÊÇ/rootsuȱ·¦£ºÈôÊÇij¸öÓû§ÐèҪʹÓÃrootȨÏÞ¡¢Ôò±ØÐèÒª°ÑrootÃÜÂë¸æËß´ËÓû§¡£Í˳ö·µ»Ø֮ǰµÄÓû§£ºexit

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Æß¡¢ÏÂÔØÓë×°Öà yum

yum£¨ Yellow dog Updater, Modified£©ÊÇÒ»¸öÔÚFedoraºÍRedHatÒÔ¼°SUSEÖеÄShellÇ°¶ËÈí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀíÆ÷¡£

»ùì¶RPM°ü¹ÜÀí £¬Äܹ»´ÓÖ¸¶¨µÄЧÀÍÆ÷×Ô¶¯ÏÂÔØRPM°ü²¢ÇÒ×°Öà £¬¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯´¦ÀíÒÀÀµÐÔ¹Øϵ £¬²¢ÇÒÒ»´Î×°ÖÃËùÓÐÒÀÀµµÄÈíÌå°ü £¬ÎÞÐë·±ËöµØÒ»´Î´ÎÏÂÔØ¡¢×°Öá£

yumÌṩÁ˲éÕÒ¡¢×°Öá¢É¾³ýijһ¸ö¡¢Ò»×éÉõÖÁËùÓÐÈí¼þ°üµÄÏÂÁî £¬²¢ÇÒÏÂÁÁ·¶øÓֺüÇ¡£

7.1 yum Óï·¨

yum [options] [command] [package ...]

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options£º¿ÉÑ¡ £¬Ñ¡Ïî°üÀ¨-h£¨×ÊÖú£© £¬-y£¨µ±×°ÖÃÀú³ÌÌáÐÑÑ¡ÔñËùÓÐΪ¡±yes¡±£© £¬-q£¨²»ÏÔʾװÖõÄÀú³Ì£©µÈµÈ¡£

command£ºÒª¾ÙÐеIJÙ×÷¡£

package²Ù×÷µÄ¹¤¾ß¡£

7.2 yum³£ÓÃÏÂÁî

1.ÁгöËùÓпɸüеÄÈí¼þÇåµ¥ÏÂÁyum check-update

2.¸üÐÂËùÓÐÈí¼þÏÂÁyum update

3.½ö×°ÖÃÖ¸¶¨µÄÈí¼þÏÂÁyum install

4.½ö¸üÐÂÖ¸¶¨µÄÈí¼þÏÂÁyum update

5.ÁгöËùÓпɰ²ÑbµÄÈí¼þÇåµ¥ÏÂÁyum list

6.ɾ³ýÈí¼þ°üÏÂÁyum remove

7.²éÕÒÈí¼þ°ü ÏÂÁyum search

8.ɨ³ý»º´æÏÂÁî:

yum clean packages: ɨ³ý»º´æĿ¼ÏµÄÈí¼þ°ü

yum clean headers: ɨ³ý»º´æĿ¼Ï嵀 headers

yum clean oldheaders: ɨ³ý»º´æĿ¼ÏÂ¾ÉµÄ headers

yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) :ɨ³ý»º´æĿ¼ÏµÄÈí¼þ°ü¼°¾ÉµÄheaders

ʵÀý 1

×°ÖÃ pam-devel

[root@www ~] yum install pam-develSetting up Install ProcessParsing package install argumentsResolving Dependencies  <==Ïȼì²éÈí¼þµÄÊôÐÔÏàÒÀÎÊÌâ--> Running transaction check---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updated--> Processing Dependency: pam = 0.99.6.2-4.el5 for package: pam-devel--> Running transaction check---> Package pam.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be updatedfilelists.xml.gz          100% |=========================| 1.6 MB    00:05filelists.xml.gz          100% |=========================| 138 kB    00:00-> Finished Dependency Resolution¡­¡­(Ê¡ÂÔ)

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ʵÀý 2

ÒƳý pam-devel

[root@www ~] yum remove pam-develSetting up Remove ProcessResolving Dependencies  <==ͬÑùµÄ£¬ÏȽâ¾öÊôÐÔÏàÒÀµÄÎÊÌâ--> Running transaction check---> Package pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5 set to be erased--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved============================================================================= Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size=============================================================================Removing: pam-devel               i386       0.99.6.2-4.el5   installed         495 kTransaction Summary=============================================================================Install      0 Package(s)Update       0 Package(s)Remove       1 Package(s)  <==»¹ºÃ£¬²¢Ã»ÓÐÊôÐÔÏàÒÀµÄÎÊÌâ£¬´¿´âÒƳýÒ»¸öÈí¼þIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestFinished Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction  Erasing   : pam-devel                    ######################### [1/1]Removed: pam-devel.i386 0:0.99.6.2-4.el5Complete!

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ʵÀý 3

ʹÓà yum µÄ¹¦Ð§ £¬ÕÒ³öÒÔ pam Ϊ¿ªÍ·µÄÈí¼þÃû³ÆÓÐÄÄЩ£¿

[root@www ~] yum list pam*Installed Packagespam.i386                  0.99.6.2-3.27.el5      installedpam_ccreds.i386           3-5                    installedpam_krb5.i386             2.2.14-1               installedpam_passwdqc.i386         1.0.2-1.2.2            installedpam_pkcs11.i386           0.5.3-23               installedpam_smb.i386              1.1.7-7.2.1            installedAvailable Packages <==µ×ÏÂÔòÊÇ¡º¿ÉÉý¼¶¡»µÄ»ò¡ºÎ´×°ÖỵÄpam.i386                  0.99.6.2-4.el5         basepam-devel.i386            0.99.6.2-4.el5         basepam_krb5.i386             2.2.14-10              base

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7.3 º£ÄÚ yum Ô´

ÍøÒ×£¨163£©yumÔ´ÊǺ£ÄÚ×îºÃµÄyumÔ´Ö®Ò»  £¬ÎÞÂÛÊÇËÙÂÊÕÕ¾ÉÈí¼þ°æ±¾ £¬¶¼ºÜÊǵIJ»´í¡£

½«yumÔ´ÉèÖÃΪ163 yum £¬¿ÉÒÔÌáÉýÈí¼þ°ü×°Öú͸üеÄËÙÂÊ £¬Í¬Ê±×èֹһЩ³£¼ûÈí¼þ°æ±¾ÎÞ·¨ÕÒµ½¡£

×°Öð취

Ê×Ïȱ¸·Ý/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup1

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ÏÂÔضÔÓ¦°æ±¾ repo Îļþ, ·ÅÈë /etc/yum.repos.d/ (²Ù×÷Ç°Çë×öºÃÏìÓ¦±¸·Ý)

CentOS5 £ºhttp://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo

CentOS6 £ºhttp://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

CentOS7 £ºhttp://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repomv CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo

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ÔËÐÐÒÔÏÂÏÂÁîÌìÉú»º´æ

yum clean allyum makecache

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ÖпƴóµÄ yum Ô´ £¬×°ÖÃÒªÁìÉó²é£ºhttps://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/centos

sohu µÄ yum Ô´×°ÖÃÒªÁìÉó²é: http://mirrors.sohu.com/help/centos.htm

°Ë. Linux Èý½£¿Í£¨awk £¬sed £¬grep£©

awk¡¢sed¡¢grep¸üÊʺϵÄÆ«Ïò£º

grep ¸üÊʺϴ¿´âµÄ²éÕÒ»òÆ¥ÅäÎı¾

sed ¸üÊʺϱ༭ƥÅäµ½µÄÎı¾

awk ¸üÊʼ°ÃûÌû¯Îı¾ £¬¶ÔÎı¾¾ÙÐнÏÖØѧÃûÌô¦Àí

8.1 awk

AWK ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ´¦ÀíÎı¾ÎļþµÄÓïÑÔ £¬ÊÇÒ»¸öÇ¿Ê¢µÄÎÄÌìÖ°Îö¹¤¾ß¡£

Ö®ÒÔÊǽРAWK ÊÇÓÉÓÚÆäÈ¡ÁËÈýλÊ×´´ÈË Alfred Aho £¬Peter Weinberger, ºÍ Brian Kernighan µÄ Family Name µÄÊ××Ö·û¡£

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awk [Ñ¡Ïî²ÎÊý] 'script' var=value file(s)»òawk [Ñ¡Ïî²ÎÊý] -f scriptfile var=value file(s)

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-F fs or ¡ªfield-separator fsÖ¸¶¨ÊäÈëÎļþÕÛÍÑÀë·û £¬fsÊÇÒ»¸ö×Ö·û´®»òÕßÊÇÒ»¸öÕýÔò±í´ïʽ £¬Èç-F:¡£

-v var=value or ¡ªasign var=value¸³ÖµÒ»¸öÓû§½ç˵±äÁ¿¡£

-f scripfile or ¡ªfile scriptfile´Ó¾ç±¾ÎļþÖжÁÈ¡awkÏÂÁî¡£

-mf nnn and -mr nnn¶ÔnnnÖµÉèÖÃÄÚÔÚÏÞÖÆ £¬-mfÑ¡ÏîÏÞÖÆ·ÖÅɸønnnµÄ×î´ó¿éÊýÄ¿£»-mrÑ¡ÏîÏÞÖƼͼµÄ×î´óÊýÄ¿¡£ÕâÁ½¸ö¹¦Ð§ÊÇBellʵÑéÊÒ°æawkµÄÀ©Õ¹¹¦Ð§ £¬ÔÚ±ê×¼awkÖв»ÊÊÓá£

-W compact or ¡ªcompat, -W traditional or ¡ªtraditionalÔÚ¼æÈÝģʽÏÂÔËÐÐawk¡£ÒÔÊÇgawkµÄÐÐΪºÍ±ê×¼µÄawkÍêÈ«Ò»Ñù £¬ËùÓеÄawkÀ©Õ¹¶¼±»ºöÂÔ¡£

-W copyleft or ¡ªcopyleft, -W copyright or ¡ªcopyright´òÓ¡¼ò¶ÌµÄ°æȨÐÅÏ¢¡£

-W help or ¡ªhelp, -W usage or ¡ªusage´òÓ¡ËùÓÐawkÑ¡ÏîºÍÿ¸öÑ¡ÏîµÄ¼ò¶Ì˵Ã÷¡£

-W lint or ¡ªlint´òÓ¡²»¿ÉÏò¹Å°åunixƽ̨ÒÆÖ²µÄ½á¹¹µÄÖÒÑÔ¡£

-W lint-old or ¡ªlint-old´òÓ¡¹ØÓÚ²»¿ÉÏò¹Å°åunixƽ̨ÒÆÖ²µÄ½á¹¹µÄÖÒÑÔ¡£

-W posix·­¿ª¼æÈÝģʽ¡£µ«ÓÐÒÔÏÂÏÞÖÆ £¬²»Ê¶±ð£º/x¡¢º¯ÊýÒªº¦×Ö¡¢func¡¢»»ÂëÐòÁÐÒÔ¼°µ±fsÊÇÒ»¸ö¿Õ¸ñʱ £¬½«ÐÂÐÐ×÷Ϊһ¸öÓòÍÑÀë·û£»²Ù×÷·û ºÍ =²»¿ÉÈ¡´ú^ ºÍ ^=£»fflushÎÞЧ¡£

-W re-interval or ¡ªre-inervalÔÊÐí¾àÀëÕýÔò±í´ïʽµÄʹÓà £¬²Î¿¼(grepÖеÄPosix×Ö·ûÀà) £¬ÈçÀ¨ºÅ±í´ïʽ[[:alpha:]]¡£

-W source program-text or ¡ªsource program-textʹÓÃprogram-text×÷ΪԴ´úÂë £¬¿ÉÓë-fÏÂÁî»ìÓá£

-W version or ¡ªversion´òÓ¡bug±¨¸æÐÅÏ¢µÄ°æ±¾¡£

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2 this is a test3 Are you like awkThis's a test10 There are orange,apple,mongo

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awk '{[pattern] action}' {filenames}   # ÐÐÆ¥ÅäÓï¾ä awk '' Ö»ÄÜÓõ¥ÒýºÅ

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awk -F  #-FÏ൱ÓÚÄÚÖñäÁ¿FS, Ö¸¶¨Ö§½â×Ö·û

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awk -v  # ÉèÖñäÁ¿

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awk -f {awk¾ç±¾} {ÎļþÃû}

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 $ awk -f cal.awk log.txt

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